========Title========
sql语句大讨论---有这方面兴趣爱好和问题的请进!
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跨服务器的SQL语句如何书写
SELECT *
FROM OPENDATASOURCE(
'SQLOLEDB',
'Data Source=服务名;User ID=用户;Password=密码'
).库名.dbo.表名
---------------------------------------------------------------
select * into 本地库名..表名 from OPENDATASOURCE(
'SQLOLEDB',
'Data Source=远程ip;User ID=sa;Password=密码'
).库名.dbo.表名
insert 本地库名..表名 from OPENDATASOURCE(
'SQLOLEDB',
'Data Source=远程ip;User ID=sa;Password=密码'
).库名.dbo.表名
或使用联结服务器:
EXEC sp_addlinkedserver
'别名',
'',
'MSDASQL',
NULL,
NULL,
'DRIVER={SQL Server};SERVER=远程名;UID=用户;PWD=密码;'
GO
然后你就可以如下：
select * from 别名.库名.dbo.表名
insert 库名.dbo.表名 select * from 别名..库名.dbo.表名
select * into 库名.dbo.新表名 from 别名..库名.dbo.表名
go
sql语句输入相应表名就可以查到表的字段名，对应好数据库 查询是否存在该表语句
select name from syscolumns where id in (select id from sys
objects where type = 'u' and name = '相应表名')
查询是否存在该表语句
if exists (select * from dbo.sys
objects where id =
object_id(N'[dbo].[tb_cost]') and
OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1)
drop table [dbo].[tb_cost]
GO
创表语句
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[tb_cost] (
[id] [int] IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL ,
[inputtime] [datetime] NOT NULL ,
[pushcount] [int] NOT NULL ,
[revertcount] [int] NOT NULL ,
[revertrate] [varchar] (50) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NOT NULL ,
[unitprice] [float] NOT NULL ,
[cost] [float] NOT NULL ,
[income] [float] NOT NULL ,
[rate] [varchar] (50) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NOT NULL ,
[pushinfor] [varchar] (8000) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NOT NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
建索引脚本：
create clustered index 索引名 on 表名(表.字段)
在表增加一个字段，例如fa字段
alter table 表名 add fa int not null default 0
选择前面 m-n 条数据的语句
例如选择前面第 5-10（m=10，n=5） 条记录的sql语句如下：
sql="select top 6 * from table where (id not in (select top 4 id from table order by id desc)) order by id desc"
其中6，4 是这样得来的
sql="select top m-n+1 * from table where (id not in (select top n-1 id from table))
有a,b,c 3表公有字段为ID怎么连?
在SQL SERVER中，上述查询建议采用下面的形式：
SELECT
aa.name,bb.name,cc.name
FROM
a AS aa INNER JOIN b AS bb ON aa.id=bb.id
INNER JOIN c AS cc ON aa.id=cc.id
另一种形式也是合法的，如下：
SELECT aa.name,bb.name,cc.name
FROM a as aa,b as bb ,c as cc
WHERE aa.id=bb.id and aa.id=cc.id
1.增加主键
alter table TABLE_NAME add constraint KEY_NAME primary key (TABLE_COLUMN);
指定表空间
alter table TABLE_NAME add constraint KEY_NAME primary key (TABLE_COLUMN) using index tablespace TABLE_SPACE_NAME;
2.增加外键
alter table TABLE_NAME add constraint FK_NAME foreign key (TABLE_COLUMN) references KEY_TABLE_NAME;
3.使主键或外键失效、生效
alter table TABLE_NAME disable(enable) constraint KEY_NAME;
4、查看各种约束
select constraint_name,table_name,constraint_type,status from user_constraints;
select constraint_name, constraint_type,search_condition, r_constraint_name from user_constraints where table_name = upper('&table_name')
select c.constraint_name,c.constraint_type,cc.column_name
from user_constraints c,user_cons_columns cc
where c.owner = upper('&table_owner') and c.table_name = upper('&table_name')
and c.owner = cc.owner and c.constraint_name = cc.constraint_name
order by cc.position;
5、删除主键或外键
alter table TABLE_NAME drop constraint KEY_NAME;
6、建外键
单字段时：create table 表名 (col1 char(8),
cno char(4) REFERENCE course);
多个字段时,在最后加上 Foreign Key (字段名) REFERENCE 表名(字段)
连带删除选项 (on delete cascade
当指定时，如果父表中的记录被删除，则依赖于父表的记录也被删除
REFERENCE 表名（） on delete cascade;
7、删除带约束的表
Drop table 表名 cascade constraints;
8：索引管理
<1>.creating function-based indexes
sql> create index summit.item_quantity on summit.item(quantity-quantity_shipped);
<2>.create a B-tree index
sql> create [unique] index index_name on table_name(column,.. asc/desc) tablespace
sql> tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer]
sql> [logging | nologging] [nosort] storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0
sql> maxextents 50);
<3>.pctfree(index)=(maximum number of rows-initial number of rows)*100/maximum number of rows
<4>.creating reverse key indexes
sql> create unique index xay_id on xay(a) reverse pctfree 30 storage(initial 200k
sql> next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx;
<5>.create bitmap index
sql> create bitmap index xay_id on xay(a) pctfree 30 storage( initial 200k next 200k
sql> pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx;
<6>.change storage parameter of index
sql> alter index xay_id storage (next 400k maxextents 100);
7.allocating index space
sql> alter index xay_id allocate extent(size 200k datafile 'c:/oracle/index.dbf');
<8>.alter index xay_id deallocate unused;
<9>、查看索引
SQL>select index_name,index_type,table_name from user_indexes order by table_name;
<10>、查看索引被索引的字段
SQL>select * from user_ind_columns where index_name=upper('&index_name');
11、创建序列
select * from user_sequences;
create sequence SEQ_NAME start with 1000
maxvalue 1000 increment by 1;
alter sequence SEQ_NAME minvalue 50 maxvalue 100;
12、删除重复行
update a set aa=null where aa is not null;
delete from a where rowid!=
(select max(rowid) from a b where a.aa=b.aa);
13、删除同其他表相同的行
delete from a where exits
(select 'X' from b where b.no=a.no);
或
delete from a where no in (select no from b);
14、查询从多少行到多少行的记录(可以用在web开发中的分页显示)
select * from ( select rownum row_id,b.* from (select a.* from sys_oper a) b )
where row_id between 15 and 20
15、对公共授予访问权
grant select on 表名 to public;
create public synonym 同义词名 for 表名;
16、填加注释
comment on table 表名 is '注释';
comment on column 表名.列名 is '注释';
17、分布式数据库,创建数据库链路
create [public] database link LINKNAME
[connect to USERNAME identified by PASSWORD]
[using 'CONNECT_STRING']
可以在服务器端，也可以在客户端建立，但必须注意，两台服务器之间
数据库必须可以互访，必须各有各自的别名数据库
18、查看数据库链路
select * from all_db_links;
select * from user_db_links;
查询 select * from TABLENAME@DBLNKNAME;
创建远程数据库同义词
create synonym for TABLENAME@DBLNKNAME;
操纵远程数据库记录
insert into TABLENAME@DBLNKNAME (a,b) values (va,vb);
update TABLENAME@DBLNKNAME set a='this';
delete from TABLENAME@DBLNKNAME;
怎样执行远程的内嵌过程
begin
otherdbpro@to_html(参数);
end;
未完待续........支持的顶 !!!1
